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Thursday, September 3, 2020
Annotated Bibliography Essay Example for Free
Commented on Bibliography Essay In light of the writer examination of online learning condition and distinctive learning styles; it appears that electronic learning condition is an astounding vehicle for improving learning, because of its capacity to acclimate to singular understudy learning styles and inclinations. The article researches the effect of understudies learning style and their exhibition. Online degrees have expanded since 2006. More students are turning out to be all the more innovatively shrewd, and it is those students that are mechanically awkward, who depends on instructional structure from study hall settings and connection with teachers and friends. The examination prompts the appraisal and learning style on understudy accomplishment in a Web based learning condition. On the off chance that it was simply a question of instructional learning it would be a solid match for all, in any case, all doesn't have innovation capacities. On the off chance that all students had these capacities, electronic learning styles would increment. Electronic instructional structure modules are not decisive to certain learning styles. Thought ought to be given to the students attributes whether the student can get a handle on the material by means of the online guidance. Students ought to consider their learning style, persuasive level, capacity to connect with the teacher and their companions. Be that as it may, without these capacities, studentsââ¬â¢ learning styles will be affected in light of the fact that they do not have the capacities to learn through online guidance modules. Lai, I K. W. Lam, F.K.S. (2010). Impression of different execution measures by partners in the development division in Hong Kong. Exploration is directed to look at changed purposes of perspectives on the significance of execution results in a development venture in Hong Kong. ANOVA was utilized to break down the information comparative with how the exhibitions were estimated. Exhibitions were estimated utilizing a presentation rules beginning with the most significant first, which is time. Opportune fulfillment of an undertaking would forestall loss of income and penalities to the contractual worker. Lai and Lam noticed that development ventures require succinct arran ging, and areâ divided between the specialist and the temporary worker. Be that as it may, each gathering has a huge impact in the projectsââ¬â¢ achievement. The distinction between the customer and the contractual worker; the customer typically push for ideal culmination and would offer a motivation reward for opportune finish, be that as it may, the temporary worker would lean toward a sensible length of time, in this way to keep away from penalities to the contract based worker. The customer, advisor, and the contractual worker, all parterner together to make the venture a triumph by bringing work fulfillment, quality, wellbeing, condition, age of imaginative thoughts, execution measures, and adequacy to the undertaking. Staying away from any disasters that will postpone or shield the undertaking from running easily. Williams, A BTM7101-8 Activity 6, pg 2 The consequences of the examination found that time was the most significant factor of the task and ought to be mulled over right off the bat in the arranging procedure, and certain stipends ought to be considered into the financial plan, for example, time limitations, postponements, and incidents that could occur during the development of the undertaking. References Wang, K.H., Wang, J.H., Wang, W.L. Huang, S.C. (2006) Learning styles and developmental evaluation methodology: improving understudy accomplishment in Web-based learning Wang T., Wang K., Wang W., Huang S. Chen S. (2004) Web-based Assessment and Test Analyses (WATA) framework: improvement and assessment. Diary of Computer Assisted Learning 20, 59ââ¬71 Passage N. Chen S. (2000) Individual contrasts, hypermedia route and learning: an observational investigation. Diary of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 9, 281ââ¬312. Seckel, S. (2007 Characteristics and Responsibilities of Successful e-Learners LAI, I. K. W. (2010). View of Various execution rules by stateholders in the development part in Hong kong. Assaf, S.A. what's more, Al-Hejji, S. (2006) Causes of deferral in enormous development ventures. Universal Journal of Project Management, 24(4), 349-57. Naoum, S. (2003) A review into the idea of parternering . Worldwide Journal of Project Management 21(1), 71-6. PAH (2008) Project Administration Handbook for Civil Engineeering Works, 2008 Edition.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
China One Child Policy Facts
China One Child Policy Facts For over 35 years, Chinas one-kid policyâ limited the countrys populace development. It finished after 2015, as Chinas socioeconomics had been slanted because of the approach. China doesn't have enoughâ young individuals to help the maturing socioeconomics, and because of an inclination for young men, men of wedding age dwarf ladies. On the whole, there were in excess of 33 million men than ladies in China in 2016, making it hard for men of lower financial status to wed by any stretch of the imagination. After 2024, India is relied upon to turn into the universes generally crowded, when the two nations populaces are required to reach about 1.4 billion. Chinas populace is estimate to be steady and afterward decay somewhat after 2030, and India will continue developing. The Background Chinas one-kid rule was made in 1979 by Chinese pioneer Deng Xiaoping as far as possible socialist Chinas populace development. It was set up until January 1, 2016.à When theâ one-childâ policy was received in 1979, Chinas populace was around 972 million people.à China was relied upon to achieveâ zero populace growthâ by 2000, however it really accomplished that seven years earlier.â Whom It Affected Chinas one-kid approach most carefully applied to Han Chinese living in urban zones of the nation. It didn't make a difference to ethnic minorities all through the nation. Han Chinese spoke to more than 91 percentâ of the Chinese populace. A little more than 51 percent of Chinas populace lived in urban zones. In rustic regions, Han Chinese families could apply to have a subsequent kid if the primary youngster was a young lady. For families who watched theâ one-childâ rule, there were rewards: higher wages, better tutoring and business, and particular treatment in getting administrative help, (for example, social insurance) and advances. For families who damaged theâ one-childâ policy, there were sanctions: fines, wage cuts, work end, and trouble in acquiring administrative help. Families whoâ were allowed to have a subsequent kid for the most part needed to hold up from three to four years after the introduction of the primary youngster before imagining their subsequent kid. The Exception to the Rule One significant exemption to the one-kid ruleâ allowed two singleton kids (the main posterity of their folks) to wed and have two kids. Also, if a first kid was brought into the world with birth deformities or significant medical issues, the couple was normally allowed to have a subsequent youngster. The Long-Term Fallout à In 2015 China had an expected 150 million single-youngster families with an expected 66% of those idea to be an immediate aftereffect of the arrangement. Chinas sex proportion during childbirth is more imbalanced than the worldwide normal. There are around 113 young men conceived in China for each 100 young ladies. While a portion of this proportion may be natural (the worldwide populace proportion is presently around 107 young men conceived for each 100 young ladies), there is proof of sex-particular premature birth, disregard, deserting, and even child murder of baby females. The ongoing pinnacle absolute ripeness rate for Chinese ladies was in the late 1960s, when it was 5.91 in 1966 and 1967. At the point when the one-kid rule was first forced, the complete fruitfulness pace of Chinese ladies was 2.91 in 1978. In 2015, the all out richness rate had dropped to 1.6 kids per lady, well beneath the substitution estimation of 2.1. (Migration represents the rest of the Chinese populace development rate.)
Friday, August 21, 2020
How it Relates to Greek Religion and Culture Essay
Antiquated Greeks had confidence in a progression of legends, which clarified nature, set the ethical code for the Greek individuals, and some were simply engaging stories. These legends diverted the Greek world from a universe of dread into a universe of wondrous excellence. A large number of these divine beings and goddesses were related with a specific errand or action (Buxton). The Greek individuals accepted that the divine beings were joined into each part of their lives. The Ancient Greeks, being a polytheistic culture, made numerous lavish legends with respect to 12 divine beings and goddesses that they accepted to administer all parts of their lives. These legends were an early science. They were the aftereffect of the Greeks attempting to clarify their general surroundings. The Greek individuals made their divine beings in their own picture, normally making paradise an agreeable and natural spot (Hamilton). In Greek folklore the Gods didn't make the universe, yet rather, the universe made the divine beings. The folklore of the individuals of Greece starts with Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey. It is in these epic sonnets that Homer recounts to the tales of the numerous divine beings and heroââ¬â¢s of Greece. We presently know who and what the Greek divine beings were, however how are they pertinent to the Greek Religion? Know that the Greeks didn't have a word for religion. Likewise they didn't have any composed content or sacred text. At the point when we talk about Greek religion we mean their ceremonial practices and their convictions in sacrosanct things, creatures, and spots (Cline). We likewise should recollect that Greek folklore isn't equivalent to Greek religion, however they are firmly entwined. The main necessity of the Greeks for their religion was to have confidence in the divine beings and perform penances to them. These hallowed demonstrations, penance and celebrations, were the base of the Greek religion (Buxton). This is by all accounts a somewhat loosening up approach to carry on throughout everyday life, except not really. The Greeks ascribed anything great happening to the divine beings being content with them, likewise when something awful occurred, for instance, a seismic tremor, starvation, or the departure of a fight, it was credited to the divine beings being disappointed with the Greeks (ââ¬Å"Ancient Greeceâ⬠). The Ancient Greeks were a very strict individuals, who spent their lives attempting to satisfy the divine beings through their penance, celebrations, and relentless faith in them. Penance was one of the most significant approaches to satisfy the divine beings; they were thought to be blessings to the divine beings. The individuals of Greece would give a penance of creatures, yet additionally bloodless penances, for example, nourishment, grasses, grains, and incense (Christman). Every city had a sanctuary raised to their benefactor god. In Athens they had fabricated the Acropolis, with its principle sanctuary being the Parthenon, which was committed to Athena (which whom Athens was named after). Athena was Zeusââ¬â¢s little girl, and it is said in the fantasies that she was conceived from his head. Athena is known as the Goddess of war and the safeguard of the towns. She is normally appeared in workmanship wearing full reinforcement. Additionally connected with her is Nike the image of triumph (Hamilton). These sanctuaries were not for love, yet they were accepted to house the divine beings for which the sanctuary was manufactured. The main individuals who were permitted inside were the clerics and priestesses, and that was uniquely to keep it clean and deal with the godââ¬â¢s sculpture (ââ¬Å"Ancient Greeceâ⬠). The focal point of the sanctuary was no lone the god or goddess however the conciliatory change. Every sanctuary had a change outside for the admirers to put their contributions. The penances the Greeks made to their divine beings were their method for guaranteeing that they would be permitted to lead a typical glad life. The Greeks likewise participated in strict celebrations and for additional consolation of their satisfying the divine beings went to prophets. We realize that the Greek individuals partook in numerous strict celebrations, yet the subtleties of these celebrations are obscure. The principle celebration that the Greeks participated in was the Olympic games, to pay tribute to Zeus. Zeus was the most impressive of the considerable number of divine beings, his capacity alone was more prominent than the entirety of different divine beings consolidated. He was the God of the Sky, bearing his jolt, at which he would toss to earth striking anyplace he wished. His flaws, in any case, engage the possibility that he is a man. Zeus is depicted as becoming hopelessly enamored with numerous ladies and attempting to conceal his betrayal from his significant other Hera (Hamilton). The Olympic game celebration happened each fourth summer. All through Greece a détente was declared with the goal that every single Greek resident could come and take part (ââ¬Å"Greek Religionâ⬠). The special case to this was ladies, they not exclusively couldn't take an interest, however they couldn't watch (Buxton). The Olympic games were held at the Stadium of Olympia, and the headliner was, where the members contended in five distinct occasions. This field was additionally the absolute first landmark of Greek Classical workmanship (Kleiner). Another piece of the Greek religion was the prophets. The most renowned prophet was the Oracle of Delphi. The prophets were accepted to be the delegates of the divine beings. Be that as it may, no ordinary individual could comprehend their messages, just the ministers and priestesses could. The Greeks accepted that the divine beings talked in questions, on the grounds that the divine beings were more perplexing than the people, thus the couldn't answer as the people did (ââ¬Å"Ancient Greeceâ⬠). The celebrations and the prophets were a significant piece of the Greek life. The Greek divine beings even found a spot in the regular day to day existence of a Greek resident. Hestia, Zeusââ¬â¢s sister. She has no influence in the legends however was imperative to the Greeks. She was the Goddess of the Hearth. Each home in Greece had a hearth devoted to her where the fire was not permitted out go out, alongside every city (Hunt). At the point when another town was established the individuals would light a light from the mother town and convey its fire to the hearth in the new town. Sound recognizable; this is the proposed start of the Olympic light. Likewise, when a kid was brought into the world the family needed to walk the infant around the hearth before it was to be acknowledged into the family (Hamilton). Likewise, as per Hunt, young men were prepared to have solid bodies, not exclusively to battle in the armed forces, yet to be solid rivals in the Olympic games. Young men and young ladies were instructed from early ages about the divine beings and goddesses. They were instructed how to regard and please them in their day by day lives (ââ¬Å"The Ancient Greeksâ⬠). Additionally most Greeks made a type of penance to the divine beings every day. This was to attempt to keep the divine beings cheerful and carry favorable luck to themselves. There were various ways that the individuals of Greece attempted to keep the idea of their divine beings present in their every day lives. Religion encroached on the fighting of the city-states in various manners. The administrators every now and again considered themselves to be strolling in the strides of their divine beings and courageous forerunners (Buxton). No where in the Greek city-states did they go into fight without first yielding. To do this was unfathomable. The troopers of Greece for the most part relinquished to either Ares or Athena. Ares was the God of War, yet isnââ¬â¢t referenced much in the legends. He has no unmistakable ascribes and is hard to recognize in craftsmanship. Hamilton says this is likely on the grounds that the Greeks thought of him as ââ¬Å"hatefulâ⬠. Once more, Athena is known as the Goddess of war and the safeguard of the towns. In any case, at that point on the far edge was the regarding of Aphrodite, who was the Goddess of Love and Beauty, yet additionally venerated for delight and multiplication. Ladies of the towns and city-states would respect and penance to Aphrodite, to guarantee the protected conveyance of an infant, or to be satisfying to their future spouses (Atsma). I Greece all relationships were orchestrated to keep or raise a familyââ¬â¢s economic wellbeing, such huge numbers of ladies didn't ever meet their spouses to-be until the big day. Whatever men or ladies did in their day by day exercises was applicable to the impact of the divine beings. The Greek folklore assumed a significant job in the consistently lives of the Greek individuals, and considerably progressively significant one in the improvement of their religion. Greek folklore was a route for the individuals of Greece to clarify the ââ¬Å"whyââ¬â¢sâ⬠and ââ¬Å"howââ¬â¢sâ⬠of their reality. Their religion and their folklore were firmly entwined. This was appeared through their different methods for regarding their divine beings through celebrations, penance, and utilizing the prophets. Additionally through the death of the convictions starting with one age then onto the next. The significance of the divine beings was appeared in their grand sanctuaries moreover. These Myths for the Greeks changed their reality from the obscure to kind and wonderful. Works Cited ââ¬Å"Ancient Greece. â⬠Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008. Sept. 14, 2008. . Atsma, Aaron J. ââ¬Å"Theoi Greek Mythology: Exploring Mythology in Classical Literature and Art. â⬠The Theoi Project. 2008. Sept. 14, 2008. . Buxton, Richard. Old Greece. Ed. Paul Cartledge. Joined Kingdom. Cambridge University Press, 1998. Christman, Zachary and Alfred Hanssen. ââ¬Å"Greek Religion: Religion and Death. â⬠2002. College of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology. Sept. 14, 2008. . Cline, Austin. ââ¬Å"Ancient Greek Mythology, Religion, Artâ⬠Sept. 14, 2008. . ââ¬Å"Greek Religion. â⬠Encyclopedia Britannica. 2008. Reference book Britannica Online. Sept. 21, 2008. . Hamilton, Edith. Folklore. New York. Back Bay Books, 1942. Chase, Dr. Patricia. ââ¬Å"Roles of Men, Women, and Children. â⬠Richmond University. Sept. 16, 2008. . Kleiner, Fred and Christian Mamiya. Gardnerââ¬â¢s Art Through the Ages. twelfth ed. volume 1. California. Wadsworth/Thompson Learning, 2005. ââ¬Å"The Ancient Greeks. â⬠2002. Sept. 16, 2008. . Wilkinson, Philip. Word reference of Mythology. New York. DK Publishing, 1998.
Saturday, June 6, 2020
Kindred Character Analysis Alice Greenwood - Literature Essay Samples
Octavia E. Butlerââ¬â¢s novel Kindred details the harrowing journey of 26-year-old Dana Franklin. A modern black woman from 1970s Los Angeles, Dana is continuously jerked back through time to the land of her ancestors: early 1800s Maryland. Her task? Save her white ancestor, Rufus Weylin, from death. The risk? If she does not, she may never be born. As an educated black woman in this time of slavery, she must watch everything she says and does just to survive, and she learns to rely upon the tight-knit slave community to help her through. One figure in particular, however, stands out to Dana as who she could have been, had she been born in this time period. That figure is Alice Greenwood, born free but forced into slavery through Rufusââ¬â¢s cruelty. Throughout this narrative, Aliceââ¬â¢s example is a grim reminder of what people will do just to survive, and a caution to Dana to be wary of becoming complacent. Alice exhibits multiple qualities as the novel progresses, starti ng with strength, moving forward to resolve, and ultimately ending in despair as she is pushed past her breaking point. First, Alice does exhibit great strength throughout the narrative. The first encounter Dana has with Alice occurs when Alice is a small child. Alice and her mother are free black women, according to Rufus (28), but Aliceââ¬â¢s father is a slave, who sneaks out at night to visit his family (35). Dana sees patrollers rip him out of the house and strip him and his wife naked before whipping him. Alice witnesses this occur, and does ââ¬Å"weep noisily against her motherââ¬â¢s legâ⬠(36), but when the patrollers are gone, she quietly goes to her motherââ¬â¢s side and does not show fear when Dana calls to her. To see such horrible experiences and still be able to trust others shows me that Alice has a great deal of inner strength, which she definitely requires being a black woman in a slave state. However, it may be easier for children to show strength as life has not yet broken them. As Alice grows older, her strength does threaten to break. She works through it the best way she can by showing resolve, defined as the determination to stick to a plan. Her life circumstances become miserable when she is stripped of her dignity and freedom to serve Rufus Weylinââ¬â¢s aggressive appetites. Although she often snaps at Dana, calling her a traitor and a mammy figure. and has mood swings, she is willing to do whatever it takes to survive. Dana often thinks to herself that she and Alice could have been the same person if Dana were born in a different time, and knows that itââ¬â¢s hard to criticize another personââ¬â¢s decisions when Alice was just doing what she had to do to stay alive. But one person can only take so much pain, and Aliceââ¬â¢s resolve eventually gives way to despair and the loss of all her hope. Her miseries started strong by being born black in the antebellum South, and the loss of her freedom at Rufus Weylinââ¬â¢s demands also was a great shock to her (157). She also suffered much as Rufusââ¬â¢s mistress and being forced into his bed each night, as well as being abused by him physically at least once that Dana knows of. It isnââ¬â¢t until Rufus threatens her children that Alice breaks completely. Dana discovers on her last visit that Alice has hung herself (248). As Dana begins to investigate what led to this, she discovers that rufus pretended to sell Alice and his children, Joseph and Hagar, to get back at Alice for attempting to runaway (251). Aliceââ¬â¢s loss of her children led to the breaking point, resulting in a tragic suicide. In a world where she had no rights under the law and virtually zero prospects for happiness other than the love of her children, losing them meant there was nothing left to live for. Dana realizes that this choice is not selfish, and the responsibility to live life can be overwhelming for those who have been pushed this far. Dana is grateful that her life took a different path. Alice is a strong woman full of resolve; however, even strong women can be pushed to despair. In a cruel world, Alice shines as a person of self-honesty and the willingness to protect her own life and her childrenââ¬â¢s lives. Her life and death serve as a strong reminder to the rest of us of the importance of kindness, independence, and the continuing need for social justice in our world.
Sunday, May 17, 2020
William Shakespeare s Macbeth, The Dynamic Of The...
Ava Lonneman Ms. Hisey Language Arts 1 June, 2016 Title to Come Every person in the world has a relationship, whether it be family, significant others, or people outside of the private life. Relationships can be toxic, healthy, and some are an odd mixture of both, creating a strange power complex. In Shakespeare s Macbeth, the dynamic of the Macbeths relationship is an example of one of those strange mixed relationships. These dynamics can also be seen in real world couples, such as King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. All of human existence revolves around relationships, or the lack thereof. Relationships can make us stronger people, but similarly they can make us weaker. As individuals we bring different points of view, characteristics, and strengths to a relationship. Both men in the relationships being compared, Macbeth And King Louis XVI, were somewhat quiet and softspoken when it came to their wives opinions. However in the face of adversary outside of their relationships, they were bold leaders with strong opinions. Que en Marie Antoinette and Lady Macbeth were both high strung, resolute women. It often seemed as though they were the head of their relationships. The characteristics and relationship dynamics of Marie Antoinette and King Louis XVI are comparable to that of the Macbeths. Queen Marie Antoinette of France and Navarre (Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna) was born into the role of the Archduchess of Austria and married off to King Louis XVI of FranceShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Wuthering Heights 1398 Words à |à 6 PagesIn the play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth is the most famous woman character. She is stronger, more ambitious and ruthless than her husband. Lady Macbeth pushed her husband , Macbeth to betray and kill King Duncan of Scotland. The theme of destructive love within relationships in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Macbeth and Bronteââ¬â¢ s Wuthering Heights is presented through sexism, jealousy , and betrayal. Sexism is portrayed in many ways in the novel wuthering Heights. Catherine s character canRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1409 Words à |à 6 Pages ââ¬Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air.â⬠On October 17th, I had the pleasure of going to see Macbeth performed at the Shakespeare Tavern. Along with its reputation for being ââ¬Å"cursed,â⬠Macbeth is also known as one of the crown jewels of William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s repertoire. In my opinion, the central concept of this particular retelling of the play was the murkiness of character. 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The directorsRead MoreEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth and Kurosawas Throne of Blood2057 Words à |à 9 PagesThrone of Blood, the 1957 filmed translation of Macbeth by William Shakespeare, was made in Japan, written in Japanese by Shinobu Hashimoto, Ryuzo Kikushima, Akira Kurosowa and Hideo Oguni and directed by Akira Kurosawa. It has many times been called an adaptation of Macbeth, however it is not. As storytellers have done since time began, Kurosawa took a story and made it his own: translating a play text into another medium; a separate setting; a differin g culture in a completely different styleRead Moreshakespeare influences16068 Words à |à 65 Pagesï » ¿ RESEARCH TOPIC An Analytic Review Of Shakespearean Influence On Faulkner s Tragedy RESEARCH QUESTION How Shakespeare tragic patterns influenced on William Faulkner s writings? NAME: SYEDA AMBREEN FATIMA FATHERââ¬â¢S NAME: SYED HASAN AKHTER SEAT NO: 1315793 ENROLMENT NO: 2013/ENG/M.A(LIT)/15681 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 28TH NOV 2013 SUBMITTED TO: MISS SAMREENRead MoreClose Reading of Middleton and Rowleys The Changeling Essay1598 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe ââ¬Ëactââ¬â¢ of sexual intercourse. This misunderstanding later eventuates in a form of rhetorical irony, as Beatrice ignorance misled her into understanding ââ¬Ëemployedââ¬â¢ equated to DeFlores being after monetary reward, but it is revealed ââ¬Å"[DeFlores] place[s] wealth after the heels of pleasureâ⬠(3.4.116) ââ¬â which, unlike Beatrice, is a notion the audience is never deceived to misinterpret. The metaphor created by the word choice of ââ¬Ëheelsââ¬â¢ personifies the concept of pleasure as a bodily figure, dominatingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay3604 Words à |à 15 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet was written around the year 1600 in the final years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, who had been the monarch of England for more than forty years and was then in her late sixties. The prospect of Elizabethââ¬â¢s death and the question of who would succeedRead MoreGoal Movie Review10720 Words à |à 43 Pagesthey win. ââ¬Å"They understood what a Hollywood film could do for Newcastle United,â⬠adds Barrelle. ââ¬Å"We made a deal pretty quickly with them.â⬠Jefferies says establishing trust with Newcastle Chairman Freddy Shepherd was the key to their successful relationship. ââ¬Å"They knew we understood that their core activity is playing professional football games. We had to be completely respectful of that and work around it,â⬠he says. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Martha Stewards Insider Trading Case Study Example
Essays on Martha Steward's Insider Trading Case Study The paper ââ¬Å"Martha Stewardââ¬â¢s Insider Trading" is aà dramatic example of a case study on finance accounting. The financial world relies on the integrity of information to make numerous decisions. The participants in the stock market are not supposed to have asymmetric information. Asymmetric information occurs when one party has superior information compared to others (Investopedia, 2011). Since everyone is supposed to have equal access to information the Securities and Exchange Commission prohibits the practice of inside trading. An insider can be defined as a person who is restricted from some kinds of trading in a companyââ¬â¢s stock because he has access to privileged information (Teweles Bradley Teweles, 1992, pg. 538). The action of inside trading violates the fiduciary duty of the board of directors and the executive management team to safeguard the interest of their shareholders. Insider trading gives an unfair advantage to a person in the stock market. Tha t person can distort the price of common stocks by either selling or buying massive amounts of a stock based on privileged knowledge that can help that person illegally obtain above-normal profits from the transaction.Martha Steward took advantage of a personal relationship with Sam Waksal, CEO of ImClone, to obtain privileged information concerning the rejection of FDA approval for its cancer drug Erbitux (Hoffman, 2007). She used that information to avoid losses in the market by selling all her ImClone stocks a day before the FDA rejected the drug. The stock price went down after the announcement. I believe that the shareholder's interests were jeopardized. The CEO of the company put the company at risk by revealing trade secrets to outsiders. Martha should have never received that information from Waksal. The firm has to question whether its CEO had incurred in similar unethical behaviors in the past to help him and his friends' profit in the market. The interests of the sharehol ders were jeopardized because its CEO violated the SEC mandates. He placed the company at risk of fines and civil lawsuits.à à à à The Martha Steward case affected a lot the investor community. The general public was discussed at the fact that a billionaire worth nearly $750 million dollars would have such low ethical standards to use insider information to further increase her fortune. The accounting profession was at a crossroads at the time of this scandal which occurred in December 2001. The following year the SEC and the US Congress passed new legislation called the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002. SOX raised the accountability of corporate officers. Unscrupulous CEOs such as Sam Waksal after the passage of SOX are now liable for up to 20 years in prison if found guilty of fraud. Society learned how important it is to protect information from getting into the wrong hands. Inside trading is now viewed in a harsher manner by society. The business community after this cas e realized that corporations needed better internal controls to prevent leakages of information that can hurt the integrity of the stock market. I believe that another lesson that was learned from the Martha Steward case is that greed can poison anyone.
Business and Corporation Law Implied Terms
Question: Discuss about the Business and Corporation Law for Implied Terms. Answer: 1: According to thecase scenario, there is an agreement between Jane and Jack. Jane decides to sell her Lotus Super 7 sports car in $25000to Jack. Jane is going overseas, so he is facing some financial problem so he wants to sell the car to Jack. The agreement was made between Jane and Jack for personal purpose of Jane. An invitation of treat was given by Jane by describing the good condition of the car. Jack accepted the offer. There are four basic legal elements in a contract: offer, acceptance, consideration and invitation of treat (Burrows, et al. 2011). Any law becomes enforceable when the agreement is void and all the factors of the contract are present in the agreement. In this contract four elements are present; the agreement has taken place between Jack and Jane. Jane gave the offer and Jane accepted.As per IRAC methodthe cases are describes below. Issues The agreement took place between two parties but as per section 9 of contract act, it is very important to state the terms of a contract and in any offer, it is necessary to state the price which is not clear here. The offer is open ended and it can also be stated as implied terms because the offeror (Jane) did not mention the amount to the offeree (Jack) (Austen-Baker, 2011). Even it is unclear that whether the contract is oral or written or online.This is the main issue in the agreement. The market value of Lotus Super 7 sports car is $25000, which is mentioned here but the rate which Jane has made has not been mention but the offer is accepted by Jack without knowing the price, so invitation of treat has taken place here. In any offer, it is very important that advertisement should be given properly but as the good condition of the contract is not described properly, so problem arises here.The contract has taken place in unexpressed way. The amount description is unclear which the main problem is in this case. In this case, the market value of the Lotus Super 7 sports car is $25000. Jane has offered the product to Jack in the same rate of $25000. The product is in good condition but as Jane has used the product, so he has to sell the product in a second hand rate. As per article2 of Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) sellers obligation has taken place in this deal (Litowitz, et al. 2001). As per that law, sellers obligation takes place because, there is a rule in business law that if any second hand material is sold in market, then the rate of the product will be less than the market value of the product.Here, Jack has accepted the offer but Jane has not made valid rate of the product. This is the main issue here. Invitation of treat has formed but proper advertisement has not given by Jane, describing the condition of the sports car. So, obligation or problem arises in this case because Jane has not followed the Uniform Commercial Code here. In this case Jane has offered $2500 to sell the sports car. The product is in good condition and the market value of the product is $25000. The problem arises here because he had fixed a very less price of the sports car at $2500. In this type of agreement he runs loss. As per contract law, all the elements of the contract should be void and the agreement becomes enforceable when proper consideration is done and profit is received from both the side but here Jane is running loss and it is the main issue of the contract (Law Of Contract, et al. 2007) Rules As per section 9 of Contract act, the rules and terms in the contract should be expressed clearly in express term but in this case Jane has not expressed the value of the product and mode of the agreement properly. Invitation of treat has taken place but the consideration has not done properly in legal terms. In this case as pert section 7, breach of sales of goods act has taken place. Jack has accepted the offer but question may arise on expressive term. As per consumer rights act the buyer can ask about the offer clearly. In the second case, breach of Uniform Commercial Code of article 2 has taken place. The seller cannot keep same price of any second hand product similar with the current value of the product. So, obligation takes place here because of inappropriate use of sales of goodhas taken place here. In the thirdcase, the seller himself is running loss because he doesnt know the method of Sales of goods act and market value evaluation. As per contract law, binding of contract act takes place because rules of property act 1925 of section 52 and 54 has not been followed. The section 12 and 15 of Sales of goods act has been breached in this contract (Keenan, et al. 2007). Application The issues can be solved if the rules of contract law of section 9 are followed and the section 7 of sales goods act is not breached (McLean, et al. 2009)Jane has to state the terms and value of the product clearly in express term while making a valid agreement with Jack. Invitation of treat has took place because Jack accepts the offer and the contract is enforceable but consideration did not took place properly becausethe value and the way of agreement has not been described here properly. In this case if commercial codes rules and sales of goods act is followed properly and the rules of contract act are followed and before fixing the price the seller Jane should study about the market value of the product then problem does not arise in this case. Through the property act and the remedy of sales of goods act, the problem in this case can be solved. By following the rate of the market, the contract can be properly done and Jane should keep the price of the car, according to Property act 1925 where the rules are mentioned that how to fix the price of a second hand material or property (Federal and District of Columbia Government Real Property Act of 2005, 2005). Concusion There are various cases described in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd case scenario. Various rules of the contract law have not been used in the cases and the agreement is made. The breach of rules of contract law of UK has taken place in these cases. Remedies for the breach of the rules of the contract should be organized legally to solve the cases (Andrews, 2011). An offer, acceptance and consideration has taken place in this contract, all the rules are properly mentioned above and those are needed to applied the contract to make a valid agreement between both the parties, so that consideration takes place properly. 2: In the second case scenario, a contract has taken place between the ship builder and North Ocean Tankers. The contract is enforceable and void but as promisor is doing delay to fulfil the demand of the promisee, so obligation arises in this contract. The contract was made here following the rules of US (Andrews, 2011). Aster the contract formed, the ship builder started construction of building tanker after the agreement made with North Ocean Tankers. The conflict arises when the currency of US devalues 10%. Here, the ship builder starts running loss, so he decided to charge extra US$3 million for the work he is doing. The delivery was important so the promisor agreed but after the delivery of 9 months, they start delay to pay the money of the promisee. By seeing the above problem IRAC method is used for describing the cases problems and solving it. Issues A valid agreement took place between North Ocean Tankers but problem arises because the government of United States has devalues 10 of currency rate in US. This is the reason the economist are running loss and they are not able to pay their debt. In this case North Ocean Tankers become the victim of problem because they are not able to pay the extra money of the ship builder. The ship builder also runs loss because he made the tankers in a low price which is not sufficient for him. The contract took place but, it is not expressed clearly that, at which date the buyer has to pay the debt of the seller. The buyer promised to give the extra charge to the seller and because of his delay the seller can sue him to court for breaching the rules of the contract, as per Contract law (Andrews, 2011). Problem may arise in this scenario. Rules As per Federal arbitration act in US, the contract took place between two parties but in the contract, the previous rate was stated and the extra charge was not stated (Shimabukuro, 2002). Here, if the promisor (North Ocean Tankers) is not able to pay the debt of the promisee (Ship builder), then for violating the rules of the promise the seller can sue him to court and the English court will consider the behaviour as Unconscionability. Here, Breach of negotiation takes place in this case. Punitivedamageoccurred here, as per US law because;the promisee is the innocent party who is the victim of damage and the promisor is delaying in paying the money to the promisee. Negotiation takes place between the ship builder and the North Ocean Tankers and both were consent about the agreement, but the promisor or North Ocean Tankers breached the rules of the contract by delaying to pay the money of the promisee or the ship builder. So breach of terms in contract has taken place here, for which the plaintiff or promisee can sue thedefendant or promisor under English law for breach of federal rules of contract (Kennedy, 2010). North Ocean Tankers has done false statement that they will increase the money of the ship builder in time but they has breached the rules of the contract and done false promise. As per misinterpretation act 1967, the shipbuilder is misguided and on that perspective, the ship builder can ask recession and damage from the North Ocean Tankers for doing the false statement (Branch III, 2002). Application There are some relief or remedies of breach of contract which should be applied in this scenario. They are: Specific Performance Damages Restitution and Cancellation It is very important that legal and professional help is needed to be taken. Among all the remedies of breach,Reinstitution and cancellation takes place. In this case the reinstitution or the North Ocean Tankers company can be sued. Because dispute has taken place in the contract and no review has done. So for getting relieved from the obligation the company should take the help of government of US in taking loan from national bank to pay the debt of the Ship builder, so that the builder does not sue the company and claim for the damages. As the North Ocean Tankers in financial loss and cannot pay the debt of the ship builder, so through the help of law they can use the Bankruptcy act 1966. As per bankruptcy act, they can prove that they need some extra time to pay the debt. If the company proves that they are in bankrupt condition, then English court will give 6 months time to pay the debt of the promisee and the promisee has to wait for 6months for the money (Nichols, 2012). Obligation also takes place because the buyer has promised to pay the money to the seller in time. Conflict arises in this way and if the court is unable to solve the case then the court will name it innominate term where justification will take long time and answer of the judgment will take time. Conclusion As per case, the terms of the contract has been breached because the promisor delayed in paying the money of the promisee. The remedies has also been described above where different review and remedies are given through which the case can be solved. Mainly remedies of breach of contract and bankruptcy act can be applied in his case. References: Andrews, N. (2011). Contract law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Austen-Baker, Richard. Implied Terms In English Contract Law. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2011. Print. Branch III, J. E. (2002). Statutory Misinterpretation: The Foreign Intelligence Court of Review's Interpretation of the Significant Purpose Requirement of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. Burrows, A. S. A Casebook On Contract. Oxford: Hart Pub., 2011. Print. Federal and District of Columbia Government Real Property Act of 2005.(2005). [Washington, D.C.]. Keenan, D. and Riches, S. (2007). Business law. Harlow: Pearson Longman. Kennedy, G. (2010). Negotiation. London: Profile. Law Of Contract. (2007) Implied Terms In Contracts For The Supply Of Goods. London: H.M.S.O., Print. Litowitz, Douglas E. Perspectives On The Uniform Commercial Code. Durham, N.C, (2001) Carolina Academic Press, Print. McLean, Janet. (2009) Property And The Constitution. Oxford: Hart, Print. Nichols, P. (2012). Bankruptcy Act 1966.Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths. Shimabukuro, J. (2002). The Federal Arbitration Act. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
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